Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges, PART FIRST — WORDS AND FORMS, THIRD DECLENSION (CONSONANT AND i-STEMS), CONSONANT STEMS, chapter 56

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[*] 56. Masculine and Feminine Nouns with mute stems form the Nominative by adding s to the stem.

A labial ( p ) is retained before s: as, prīncep-s .

A lingual (t, d) is dropped before s: as, mīles (stem mīlit-), cūstōs (stem cūstōd-).

A palatal (c, g) unites with s to form x: as, dux (for † duc-s ), rēx (for † rēg-s ).

[*] a. In dissyllabic stems the final syllable often shows e in the nominative and i in the stem: as, prīnceps , stem prīncip- (for -cap-).

Ginn and Company, 1903.

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