[*] 493. The Latin has no Perfect Participle in the active voice. The deficiency is supplied—
- In deponents by the perfect passive form with its
regular active meaning:—
- “nam singulās [nāvīs] nostrīcōnsectātīexpūgnāvērunt ” (B. G. 3.15) , for our men, having overtaken them one by one, captured them by boarding.
[*] Note.--The perfect participle of several deponent verbs may be either active or passive in meaning (§ 190. b).
- In other verbs, either by the perfect passive participle
in the ablative absolute (§ 420. N.) or by a temporal clause (especially with
cum or
postquam):—
- “itaqueconvocātīs centuriōnibusmīlitēs certiōrēs facit ” (B. G. 3.5) , and so, having called the centurions together, he informs the soldiers (the centurions having been called together).
- cum vēnisset animadvertit collem (id. 7.44), having come (when he had come), he noticed a hill.
- “postquam id animum advertit cōpiās suās Caesar in proximum collem subdūcit ” (B. G. 1.24) , having observed this (after he had observed this) Cæsar led his troops to the nearest hill.