[*] 53.1. nomine: cf. the ablatives in 51 12. — Bibrax: this town has been variously identified as Vieux Laon, about the proper distance to the northwest, and Beaurieux to the west, more probably the latter. [*] 53.2. milia passuum octo, eight miles: acc. of extent of space （§ 425 (257); B. 181. 1; G. 335; H. 417 (379); H-B. 387. 1）; passuum is part. gen. （§ 346 (216); B. 201; G. 367; H. 440. 5 (397); H-B. 346）; cf. note on 3 4. — ex itinere, on the march, i.e. turning aside from their course to attack the town. — magno impetu: abl. of manner; cf. voluntate, 51 21. [*] 53.3. aegre sustentatum est （impers.）, it was with difficulty [that they] held out. In English we often are inclined to put into two clauses what the Latin crowds into one. — Gallorum … haec, the attack （mode of attacking） of the Gauls, being the same as （atque） that of the Belgians, is this （the following）. — ubi: cf. construction after postquam, 52 16. [*] 53.5. circumiecta multitudine （abl. abs.） … moenibus （dat., § 370 (228); B. 187. iii; G. 347; H. 429. 2 (386. 2); H-B. 376）, a host of men being thrown round all the walls. Here the English absolute construction is admissible, though usually to be avoided. [*] 53.6. iaci: complem. infin.; cf. consequi, 49 15, and note. — coepti sunt: the pass. is used with the pass. infin. — defensoribus: abl. of separation （§ 401 (243. a); B. 214; G. 405; H. 462 (414. i); H-B. 408. 3）. [*] 53.7. testudine facta, making a testudo: see chapter on military affairs, VII （last part）, and Fig. 68. [*] 53.8. quod, this, i.e. the movements just described. — tum, in the present instance. — multitudo, subject of conicerent （plu. verb, § 317. d (205. c. 1); B. 254. 4. a; G. 211. Exc. (a); H. 389. 1 (461. 1); H-B. 331. 1）. — cum … conicerent: cum describing the situation, but almost causal; see note on 49 1 （. [*] 53.9. consistendi: gen. of gerund, with potestas （§ 504 (298); B. 338. 1. a; G. 428; H. 626 (542. 1); H-B. 612. 1）. [*] 53.10. nulli （dat. of poss., § 373 (231); B. 190; G. 349; H. 430 (387); H-B. 374）, nobody could keep a foothold on the wall （lit. power of standing on the wall was to nobody）. — cum … fecisset: again describing the situation. — oppugnandi: gerund; cf. coniurandi, 49 5. [*] 53.11. summa nobilitate et gratia, [a man] of the highest, etc. （abl. of quality, § 415 (251); B. 224; G. 400; H. 473. 2 (419. II); H-B. 443）. — inter suos, among his [fellow-citizens]. — oppido: dat., with praefuerat （§ 370 (228); B. 187. 3; G. 347; H. 429 (386); H-B. 376）. [*] 53.12. unus ex eis, one of those: after numerals ex with the ablative is preferred to the part. gen. — legati, as ambassadors: pred. appos. [*] 53.13. nisi … posse: indir. disc. depending on the idea of reporting contained in nuntium mittit. Trans. unless reenforcements, he said, etc. — sibi: i.e. Iccius; the dat. is used instead of ad se with subsidium submittatur, because the idea of help （for him） is more prominent than that of motion （towards him）. In the dir. disc. the message of Iccius was: Nisi subsidium mihi submittetur, （ego） diutius sustinere non possum.
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BOOK FIRST. — B.C. 58.
book 2
BOOK THIRD. — B.C. 56.
BOOK FOURTH. — B.C. 55.
BOOK FIFTH.—B.C. 54.
BOOK VI. BOOK SIXTH.—B.C. 53.
BOOK SEVENTH.—B.C. 52.
Caesar's Gallic War. J. B. Greenough, Benjamin L. D'Ooge and M. Grant Daniell. Boston. Ginn and Company. 1898.
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- A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 317
- A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 346
- A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 370
- A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 373
- A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 401
- A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 415
- A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 425
- A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 504
- Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 211
- Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 335
- Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 347
- Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 349
- Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 367
- Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 400
- Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 405
- Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 428
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