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[*] 77. Often the subject is practically an infinitive or a sentence. So in the case of such verbs as “δεῖ, δοκεῖ, εἰσέρχεταί” (“εἰσῄει”, “εἰσῆλθέ”) “με, ἐνδέχεται, ἔξεστιν, ἔστιν, ἔχει λόγον, οὐκ ἔστιν, παρέχει, πρέπει, προσήκει, συμφέρει, φαίνεται, χρή”, etc. “ἅπαντα γὰρ δεῖ τἀληθῆ λέγειν,” LYS. 3.10 ; It is necessary to tell all the truth, The whole truth must be told. DEM.19.204: “οὔτε γὰρ ὡς συμφέρει Φωκέας ἀπολωλέναι . . . ἔνεστιν λέγειν αὐτῷ”. LYS. 3.10: “ἔδοξέ μοι κράτιστον εἶναι ἀποδημῆσαι ἐκ τῆς πόλεως” . THUC.1.120.1: “χρὴ γὰρ τοὺς ἡγεμόνας . . . τὰ κοινὰ προσκοπεῖν”. 1.120.3: “εὖ δὲ παρασχόν, ἐκ πολέμου πάλιν ξυμβῆναι” (sc. “ἀνδρῶν ἀγαθῶν ἐστιν”). HDT.3.71: “ἐπείτε δὲ ἐς Δαρεῖον ἀπίκετο γνώμην ἀποφαίνεσθαι”. 3.142: “καί μοι παρέχει νῦν ὑμέων ἄρχειν”. 6.27: “φιλέεει δέ κως προσημαίνειν, εὖτ᾽ ἂν μέλλῃ μεγάλα κακὰ ἢ πόλι ἢ ἔθνεϊ ἔσεσθαι”, but just below: “ταῦτα μέν σφι σημήια ὁ θεὸς προέδεξε”. 9.68: “δηλοῖ τέ μοι ὅτι πάντα τὰ πρήγματα τῶν βαρβάρων ἤρτητο ἐκ Περσέων”. EUR. H. F. 302-3: “ἤδη δ᾽ ἐσῆλθέ μ᾽ εἰ παραιτησαίμεθα” | “φυγὰς τέκνων τῶνδ”（“ε”). HOM. Od. 1.296-7: “οὐδ᾽ ἔτι σε χρὴ” | “νηπιέας ὀχέειν”. Cf. 3.14: “Τηλέμαχ̓, οὐ μέν σε χρὴ ἔτ᾽ αἰδόος”. 8. 146: “ἔοικε δέ σ᾽ ἴδμεν ἀέθλους”. Il. 2.24: “οὐ χρὴ παννύχιον εὕδειν βουληφόρον ἄνδρα”. 9.337-8: “τί δὲ δεῖ1πολεμιζέμεναι Τρώεσσιν Ἀργεΐους;” For other examples, see 37, and on the infinitive, see Index. 78. Sometimes an indefinite subject is to be supplied from the context. This is very easy in the dependencies of the infinitive, as that form always involves an indefinite accusative subject. ISAE. 2.13: “[ὁ νόμος] κελεύει τὰ ἑαυτοῦ ἐξεῖναι διαθέσθαι ὅπως ἂν ἐθέλῃ”. So elsewhere. ANTIPHON, 5.91: “ἐν μὲν γὰρ ἀκεστῷ πράγματι καὶ ὀργῇ χρησαμένους καὶ διαβολῇ πιθομένους ἔλασσον ἔστιν ἐξαμαρτεῖν: μεταγνοὺς γὰρ ἔτι ἂν ὀρθῶς βουλεύσαιτο” (sc. “ὁ . . . χρησάμενος κτἑ”). PLATO, Men. 97A: “οὐκ ἔστιν ὀρθῶς ἡγεῖσθαι, ἐὰν μὴ φρόνιμος ᾖ”. So elsewhere. Cf. Rpb. 347 C: “τῆς δὲ ζημίας μεγίστη τὸ ὑπὸ πονηροτέρου ἄρχεσθαι, ἐὰν μὴ αὐτὸς ἐθέλῃ ἄρχειν”. HDT.1.195: “ἐσθῆτι δὲ τοιῇδε χρέωνται, κιθῶνι ποδηνεκέι λινέῳ, καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦτον ἄλλον εἰρίνεον κιθῶνα ἐπενδύνει” (sc. “ὁ χρεώμενος”). 1.216: “οὖρος δὲ ἡλικίης σφι προκέεται ἄλλος μὲν οὐδείς: ἐπεὰν δὲ γέρων γένηται κάρτα κτἑ”. 2.38: “δοκιμάζουσι . . . ἢν . . . ἴδηται” (sc. “ὁ δοκιμάζων”). 2.65: “εὐχόμενοι . . . ἱστᾶσι . . . διδοῖ” (sc. “ὁ εὐχόμενος”). EUR. Or. 428: “μισούμεθ᾽ οὕτως ὥστε μὴ προσεννέπειν” (sc. “τινά”). HOM. Od. 5.400: “ὅσσον” (“ὅσον”) “τε γέγωνε βοήσας”(?). 6.294: id. 9.473: id. 12.181: id. Il. 13.287: “οὐδέ κεν ἔνθα τεόν γε μένος καὶ χεῖρας ὄνοιτο”, a fault-finder. 22.199: “ὡς” (= as) “δ᾽ ἐν ὀνείρῳ οὐ δύναται φεύγοντα διώκειν”, a dreamer.
Syntax of Classical Greek from Homer to Demosthenes. Basil L. Gildersleeve. New York. American Book Company. 1900.
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