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13.17. Haeduos frumentum, demanded corn of the Haedui§ 396 (239. c); B. 178. 1. a; G. 339; H. 411 (374); H-B. 393). 13.18.

essent polliciti: subjv. because of the implied indir. disc., which (he said) they had promised.flagitare: histor. infin. (§ 463 (275); B. 335; G. 647; H. 610 (536. 1); H-B. 595). Notice that this construction, like the imperfect tense, only describes a situation, and never advances the narrative. The word expresses an earnest and repeated demand accompanied with reproaches. — frigora, the cold seasons, or spells of cold; not the cold in general. The climate of Gaul in Caesar's day was much colder than that of France now. The change has come from clearing away the forests and draining the marshes, which then covered much of the country. 13.20.

frumenta: the plu. is regularly used ofstanding grain. The crops of grain were not ripe because it was too early in the season (about the last of June); the green fodder (pabuli) was scarce because Caesar was following in the path of the Helvetians, whose thousands of cattle had swept the country bare. — nequidem, not even; § 322. f (151. e); B. 347. 1; G. 448. 2; H. 569. iii. 2. 13.22.

frumento: abl. after uti.flumine: § 429. a (258. g); B. 218. 9; but G. 389; H. 476 (420. i. 3); H-B. 426navibus: § 409 (248. c. 1); B. 218. 9; G. 401; H. 476 (420); H-B. 423proptereaquod: see 1 6. 13.23.

ab Arari: i.e. towards the valley of the Loire, westerly, but by what road is unknown. 13.24.

diem: acc. expressing duration of time. — ducere: histor. infin. 13.25.

conferri, etc. [frumentum]: a climax. They said it was being gathered, it was on the way, it was already at hand. 14.1.

quo die: note the repetition of the antecedent in the relative clause, but do not translate it. See § 307. a (200. a); B. 251. 3; G. 615; H. 399 (445. 8); H-B. 284. 4. 14.2.

metiri, serve. See chapter on military affairs, IV. f. 14.4.

Diviciaco et Lisco: abl. in apposition with principibus.summo magistratui praeerat, held the chief office, of which the Celtic title was guerg breth, "executor of judgment," represented in Latin by vergobretus. 14.6.

in suos, over his people. 14.7.

posset: sc. frumentum. For the subjv., see § 593 (342); B. 324; G. 663. 1; H. 652 (529. ii).; H-B. 539. 14.8.

propinquis (not attribute, but predicate), with the enemy so near, an abl. abs. 15.1.

sublevetur: cf. essent polliciti, 13 18, and note; also sit destitutus just below (§ 592. 3 (341. d ); B. 323; G. 508. 3; H. 649. 1 (528. 1); H-B. 535. 2. a).


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  • Commentary references from this page (16):
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 307
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 322
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 396
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 409
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 429
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 463
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 592
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 593
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 339
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 389
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 401
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 448
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 508
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 615
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 647
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 663
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