Reginald Walter Macan, Herodotus, The Seventh, Eighth, & Ninth Books with Introduction and Commentary

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Κίλικες furnish 100 sbips. Kilikia in 3. 90 forms a whole satrapy (iv.) to itself, and pays besides its tribute of 500 T. (only 360 of whicb actually reach the king) 360 horses, ‘one for each day in tbe year.’ A description of the Kilikian σκευή bas already been promised (c. 77 supra), and the promise is now redeemed.

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κράνεα ἐπιχώρια. Either Hdt. treats ‘Kilikian’ helmets as too well known for description, or more probably is not in a position to describe tbem.

λαισήια ... ὠμοβοέης. The Iliad knows βοείας Ἀσπίδας εὐκύκλους λαισήιά τε πτερόεντα, 5. 453 (of Acbaians and Trojans), 12. 426 (of ‘Danai’ and Lykians). There is notbing ‘Kilikian’ in the word; L. & S. connect it with λάσιος (shaggy), others (better) follow Eustathios and connect it with λαιός (laevus); thus Hesychios bas λαίβα, Kretan for ἀσπίς. λαῖτα, πέλτη. λαῖφα, ἄσπις.

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ὠμοβοέης: cp. c. 76 supra.

εἰρινέους, ‘woollen’; tbe word occurs 1. 195, 2. 81, 4. 73. The Attic word (Plato) is ὲρεοῦς. Tbere does not appear anytbing very distinctive in tbe equipment of tbe ‘Kilikes,’ unless it is that tbey are swordsmen.

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ἕκαστος ... εἶχον ... ξίφος πεποιήμενα carries tbe constructio ad sensum to a point only permissible in a classical writer.

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Ὑπαχαιοί: it may not be unsafe to see in tbese Hypachaians a remnant of tbe Aquaiascba of the Egyptian monuments, and of the ‘Achaians’ of Kypros; cp. previous c.

ἐπί: cp. c. 83 supra.

Κίλικος τοῦ Ἀγήνορος ἀνδρὸς Φοίνικος: ‘Kilix’ is presumably tbe eponym of the people (Κίλικες), wbo may have bad some admixture of Semitic or of Syrian (Aramaian) blood. Agenor has a tborougbly Greek name, but he appears in 4. 147 as tbe father of ‘Kadmos,’ wbo is a tborougb Phoenician to Hdt. The only man of the name known to Homer is a Trojan, Il. 11. 59, wbo must be dismissed in this case, for he bas no connexion witb tbe Κίλικες, who, in Iliad 6. 397, 415, dwell in ‘Thebe’ and the Tbeban plain (cp. c. 42 supra); but Hesiod had made Agenor fatber of Pboinix and grandfatber of Pbineus, Fr. 56. Agenor, whetber in Greece or in Phoenicia, is only a genealogical name; he plays no part in tbe my tbs or legends, but is the father of mythical and legendary beroes—Kadmos, Phineus, Pboinix. It may be that bebind bis name lurks a consciousness tbat old ‘Greek’ heroes had gone east, before the Pboenician came west. ‘Agenor’ was notbing if not a ‘man’ (here ἀνδρὸς Φ.).

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Πάμφυλοι supply tbirty ships. The name is pure Greek (cp. 5. 68) and its bearers are armed in Greek fasbion. They are included (3. 90) by Hdt. in satrapy i. Pamphylia lay on the coast between Kilikia and Lykia, nor is it likely that tbe population was pure Greek, but there were doubtless Greek colonies (Olbia, Side) and more or less Hellenized cities (Aspendos, Perge, Sylleion) in the region. It is tbis Greek element, the origin of wbich is bere traced to a portion of tbe postTrojan Diaspora, tbougb in tbis, as in other cases, the relations of Aegean tribes with the Levant may be safely taken back before the Trojan epoch.

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Ἀμφιλόχῳ καὶ Κάλχαντι: Kalchas Θεστορίδης οἰωνοπόλων ὄχ᾽ ἄριστος is well known to the Iliad: (1. 69 ff., 2. 300, 13. 45). Ampbilocbos is named in the Odyssey (15. 248), as son of Amphiaraos. The Nostoi enlarged and combined their adventures after tbe fall of Troy, and variants existed in regard to details. Tbus, according to one story, Kalchas fared no furtber tban Kolopbon, where he met bis superior in Mopsos, who then joined Ampbilochos, and with him founded Mallos in Kilikia; while according to anotber story, wbich Sophokles apparently followed (Strabo 675), and Hdt. in tbis passage, the scene of the ἔρις περὶ τῆς μαντικῆς between Kalcbas and Mopsos was placed furtber east, in Pamphylia (meaning, as Strabo tbinks, Kilikia). Amphilocbos' career as founder was not cut short: Hdt. reports him to bave established Posideion, ‘on the borders of Kilikia and Syria’ (3. 91), and his achievements in tbe east were apparently succeeded by a similar set of adventures in tbe west, tbe greatest of his foundations being Argos Amphilocbicum: Tbucyd. 2. 68. 3.