Reginald Walter Macan, Herodotus, The Seventh, Eighth, & Ninth Books with Introduction and Commentary

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δηλοῖ Schweighaeuser, followed by Stein, takes as impersonal, cp. 2. 117. Blakesley objects to its impersonality and translates, ‘it proves to me that . .,’ a translation not inconipatible with impersonality. In fact δηλοῖ should be more significant than δῆλόν ἐστι, but there is no expressed subject for it. τε seems to have a cumulative force, cp. c. 66 supra.

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ἤρτητο ἐκ, ‘depended on.’ The pluperfect can hardly be pressed into meaning that all that is now a thing of the past, cp. 6. 109 ταῦτα ὦν πάντα ἐς σὲ νῦν τείνει καὶ ἐκ σέο ἤρτηται, 1. 125, 3. 19. τὰ πρήγματα, 7. 10. 34 f supra.

οὗτοι cannot refer to the same body of men as the οὗτοι just above; but whether it refers to οἱ ἄλλοι Ἕλληνες οἱ μετὰ βασιλέος or to τῶν ἄλλων συμμάχων ὁ πᾶς ὅμιλος, or more vaguely includes both, is not quite clear. The first reference is rather remote, the second rather pointless, inasmuch as Hdt. is here dealing with the action on the right wing of Mardonios' army. The clearest point would be made by the omission of c. 67, in which case οὗτοι would refer to Artabazos and the men under his command, as do the words καὶ δὴ οὗτοι μὲν ταύτῃ ἐτράποντο. Possibly c. 67 is an insertion by the author, and was not in the original draft of the battle-piece; it is intended to recall the Athenians to mind. If that is the case, the next sentence too is probably an addition (οὕτω τε ... τῶν Ἑλλήνων). Cp. Introduction, § 9.

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συμμεῖξαι, of hostile congress, c. 48 supra.

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ὥρων: sc. φεύγοντας.

πάντες ἔφευγον. In c. 63 supra the Persians have been routed, and in c. 65 have fled ἐς τὸ τεῖχος τὸ ξύλινον. In c. 66 Artabazos and his men have fled ἐς Φωκέας. In c. 67 the Thebans have fled ἐς τὰς Θήβας, and ὁ πᾶς ὅμιλος have followed the Persians.

πλὴν τῆς ἵππου: the cavalry generally, on both wings, may have covered the retreat, or ‘flight,’ to some extent; but the Persian left wing does not appear to profit much by its cavalry, while the Boiotian cavalry does appear as actively and efficiently engaged. The Persian camp is reached and eaptured, while the Thebans make good their retreat to Thebes. τῆς τε ἄλλης καί here may be rather perfunctory. The disappearance of the Persian cavalry on the left wing is something of a problem: did it ride off with Artabazos?

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τοσαῦτα refers to what follows (= τοσάδε), viz. the cavalry kept close to the enemy and screened the men who were in flight. ἀπέργουσα τοὺς φιλίους ἀπὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων might rather have been ἀπέργουσα τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἀπὸ τῶν φιλίων. With πρὸς τῶν π. cp. 8. 87.