E.C. Marchant, Commentary on Thucydides Book 1

[3] 27. καὶ πόλεις κτλ.—some edd. make this a second subject to ἐνδοιασθῆναι (Kruger, Classen, Croiset), which gives an excelleut sense: but the constn. is simpler if αἰσχρόν is made pred. to this—and that so many cities should be maltreated by one. Whichever be right, the ref. must be to the misery of political slavery imposed by Athens; and cannot, in view of the next sentence, and of ήλευθέρωσαν, opp. δουλείαν, apply to the present treatment of the confederacy.

28. ἐν ᾦ—in that case; cf. 122.1;=εἰ πόλεις τοσαίδε ... κακοπαθοῖμεν.

2. ἡμεῖς δέ—this is in contiast with οἴ=οἰ μὲν γὰρ（πατέρες). αὐτό means τὴν ἐλευθερίαν implied in ἡλευθέρωσαν. ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς of course means for the Peloponnesiaus: and this clause implies ‘much less do we give freedom to all Greece’: hence there is no difficulty in supplying ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι to εγκαθεστάναι.

3. τύραννον δὲ ... καταλύειν—we allow a despotic state to establish itself in Greece; and yet we make a point of putting down despots in any single city. τοὺς ἐν μιᾷ, sc πόλει (which possibly has dropped out of the text), μονάρχους is opposed to τύραννον πόλιν ἐν Ἑλλάδι. The traditional policy of Sparta is alluded to.