Basil L. Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek

Other Copulative Verbs are:

• “ἀκούειν”,
• “διατελεῖν”,
• “δύνασθαι”,
• “καθίστασθαι” = “γἱγνεσθαι” (often in orators)
• “κυρεῖν”, chance,
• “λαγχάνειν”,
• “μένειν”, remain,
• “πέλειν, πέλεσθαι”,
• “τελέθειν”,
• “τυγχάνειν”, happen,
• “ὑπάρχειν”, be (a basis),
• “φαίνομαι”, appear,
• “φῦναι”, comp. fuisse,
• etc.

In the better days of the language such verbs as “καθίστασθαι, τυγχάνειν, ὑπάρχειν”, and “φῦναι” are not mere fluxes for the predicate. The frequent use of “φῦναι” and “τυγχάνειν” arises from the Greek division of all manifestation into the two spheres of “φύσις” and “τύχη”. In “ὑπάρχειν”, which ultimately became colorless, the idea of a basis, of something to fall back upon, of resource or residue, was not wholly effaced in the good period.

DEM.18.46: “ἀντὶ γὰρ φίλων καὶ ξένων ἃ τότ᾽ ὠνομάζοντο, νῦν κόλακες καὶ θεοῖς ἐχθροὶ καὶ πάνθ̓ ἃ προσῆκεν ἀκούουσιν”, hear=are called. 57.47: “εἰ μὲν ἔλαχον ἱερεύς”.

LYS. [6], 4: “ἂν νυνὶ Ἀνδοκίδης ἀθῷος ἀπαλλαγῇ . . . καὶ λάχῃ βασιλεύς” .

ANT. 1.4(60): “ἐμοὶ δ᾽ ἀντίδικοι καθεστᾶσι”.

PLATO, Charm. 154B: “σχεδὸν γάρ τί μοι πάντες οἱ ἐν τῇ ἡλικίᾳ καλοὶ φαίνονται”. Ibid. 154 C: “καὶ τότε ἐκεῖνος ἐμοὶ θαυμαστὸς ἐφάνη”. Hipp. Mai. 300 A: “οὐδέ γ᾽ αὖ ἡ δἰ ἀκοῆς ἡδονή, . . . διὰ ταῦτα τυγχάνει καλή”. Prot. 313 E: “τυγχάνεις ἐπιστήμων”. Theaet. 146 A: “ὁ δὲ ἁμαρτών . . . καθεδεῖται . . . ὄνος”, The fellow that misses will sit down an ass.

XEN. Ages. 10.4: “φιλοτιμότατος δὲ πεφυκώς, ἀήττητος διετέλεσεν, ἐπε βασιλεὺς ἐγένετο” , Born ambitious, he continued unconquered after he became king.

THUC.4.69.2: “καὶ αἱ οἰκίαι . . . αὐταὶ ὑπῆρχον ἔρυμα”, The houses themselves served as a fortress.

HDT.4.110: “δύναται δὲ τὸ οὔνομα τοῦτο κατὰ Ἑλλάδα γλῶσσαν ἀνδροκτόνοι”.

AR. Pax, 1045: “τίς ἄρα ποτ᾽ ἐστίν; ὡς ἀλαζὼν φαίνεται” .

EUR. Hec. 1229: “ὑπῆρχ”（“ε”). Ion, 412: “μεταπέσοι” (sc. “τὰ συμβόλαια”) “βελτίονα”. Med. 229: “κάκιστος ἀνδρῶν ἐκβέβηχ᾽ οὑμὸς πόσις”. Ibid. 285: “πέφυκας”. Ibid. 728: “μενεῖς ἄσυλος”. fr. 360.8 N2: “ἐφυμεν”. fr. 382 N2: “πέφυκα”.

SOPH. El. 45-6: “ ὃ γὰρ
μέγιστος αὐτοῖς τυγχάνει δορυξένων
”.

AESCHYL. Pers. 598: “κακῶν μὲν ὅστις ἔμπειρος κυρεῖ”.

PIND. O. 1.47: “ὡς δ᾽ ἄφαντος ἔπελες”.

HOM. Od. 7.51-2: “ θαρσαλέος γὰρ ἀνὴρ ἐν πᾶσιν ἀμείνων
ἔργοισιν τελέθει
”.

Il. 1.417-8: “ νῦν δ᾽ ἅμα τ᾽ ὠκύμορος καὶ ὀϊζυρὸς περὶ πάντων
ἔπλεο
”.