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56.26. strepitu, tumultu, ordine, imperio: abl. of manner; cf. impetu, 53 2. 57.1.

cum, where, describing the situation, but approaching in sense a causal clause （§ 549 (326. N. 2); B. 288. b; G. 586; H. 598 (517); H-B. 525）. 57.2.

fecerunt: notice the emphatic position; cf. the English, "the result was." — ut … videretur: subst. clause of result, object of fecerunt; § 568 (332); B. 297. 1; G. 553. 1; H. 571. 3 (501. ii. 1); H-B. 521. 3. a. — fugae: § 384 (234. a); B. 192. 1; G. 359; H. 434. 2 (391. 1); H-B. 362. 57.3.

per: the agent, when considered as instrument or means is generally expressed by per with the acc. （§ 405. b (246. b); G. 401; H. 468. 3 (415. I, N. 1); H-B. 380. d）. — speculatores, spies: they obtained information by mingling in disguise with the enemy; while the scouts, exploratores, were squads of cavalry who ranged the country in the vicinity of the army. 57.4.

veritus, fearing; cf. note on 52 7.— discederent: indir. quest.; cf. 51 10, 52 11, 55 5. 57.5.

castris, in camp （§ 429 (258. f); B. 218. 7; G. 389; H. 485. 2 (425. ii. 1); cf. H-B. 446. 1）. 57.6.

re: i.e. the fact that the enemy were really retreating. — ab exploratoribus: abl. of agent; cf. above, per speculatores. — qui moraretur, ref. clause of purpose; cf. 50 15. 57.7.

his: dat. with praefecit; cf. construction of oppido, 53 11. 57.10.

milia: cf. 53 2. 57.11.

cum: causal; cf. 57 1, and note. — ab extremo agmine, in the rear. 57.12.

quos: relates to the implied subject of consisterent. — ventum erat: § 208. d (146. d); B. 256. 3; G. 208. 2; H. 302. 6 (301. 1); H-B. 290. a. 1. 57.13.

priores: sc. and in English. This refers to the van of the retreating enemy. — quod … viderentur, because they seemed （i.e. they thought themselves）. This word and continerentur are subjunctives as being part of the subjv. clause cum … ponerent. For similar cases of attraction, see 55 1, 55 6, 56 1, 56 19. 57.15.

exaudito clamors, perturbatis ordinibus （abls. abs., the first defining the time of the second）, breaking ranks on hearing the outcry （of those engaged in the rear）. 57.16.

sibi: § 376 (235); B. 188. 1. N.; G. 345; H. 425. 4 (384. 4); H-B. 366. — ponerent: same construction as consisterent and sustinerent. 57.17.

tantam … spatium, killed as great a number of them as the time （before night） allowed （lit. as the day was long）; notice the correlatives tantam … quantum （§ 152 (106); G. 642. 1; H. 189 (191); H-B. 144;） and cf. 54 18-20.


Caesar's Gallic War. J. B. Greenough, Benjamin L. D'Ooge and M. Grant Daniell. Boston. Ginn and Company. 1898.

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  • Commentary references from this page (15):
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 152
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 208
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 376
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 384
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 405
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 429
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 549
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 568
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 208
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 345
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 359
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 389
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 401
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 553
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 586
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