previous next

65.14. levis armaturae: descriptive gen.; note how it is naturally translated in English by a descriptive adj., light-armed. See chapter on military affairs, I. 3, and Figs. 104, 115. 65.15.

unā: adv. 65.16.

pulsos [esse]: infin. of indir. disc., with subj. acc. quos. — adversis hostibus, etc., met the enemy face to face （§ 370 (228); B. 187. iii; G. 347; H. 429 (386); H-B. 376）. 65.17.

occurrebant … ferebantur: these descriptive imperfects belong to the side action; the main narrative, which is interrupted by them, is resumed in the perfects contenderunt, etc., at the end of the chapter. See note on 3 5. 65.18.

ab decumana porta: i.e. the rear gate; see chapter on military affairs, V, and Fig. 119. The camp was partly on a slope, and the rear commanded a wide view of the surrounding country. 65.20.

cum respexissent, on looking back. Notice that this descriptive cum- construction has a great variety of translations, but all indicate an inner connection, cf. cum … vidissent, l. 26, below. 65.21.

praecipites: adj., agreeing with calones, but with the force of an adv., pell-mell, in utter confusion （§ 290 (191); B. 239; G. 325. 6; H. 497 (443); H-B. 245）. 65.22.

qui, etc.: this refers to the baggage-train which was coming up with legions XIII and XIV as a rear guard; see 62 9-11. 65.23.

oriebatur: observe the sing. number, and cf. 62 6 and note. — alii aliam: § 315 (203. c); B. 253. 2; G. 323; H. 516. 1 (459. 1); H-B. 265. — perterriti, frantic with fear, panic-stricken （thoroughly frightened）. Observe the force of per- （see vocab.）. 65.25.

quorum （poss.） virtutis （obj.） opinio, whose reputation for valor （§ 348. b (217. b); B. 200; G. 363. R. 2; H. 446. 2 (398. 2); H-B. 354）. 65.26.

a civitate: abl. of agent, the state being thought of as a body of of citizens. 65.27.

compleri （was filling） … premi … teneri … fugere: indir. disc., with vidissent. The present tenses indicate what they saw going on before their eyes （dir. complentur … premuntur … tenentur … fugiunt）. The beginner should notice that difference of idiom requires a change of tense in translation. 66.2.

domum: cf. 56 17, and note. 66.3.

pulsos superatosque [esse]: indir. disc.; the subject is Romanos. — castris: § 410 (249); B. 218. 1; G. 407; H. 477 (421. 1); H-B. 429. 66.4.

hostīs: acc., subject of potitos [esse].


Caesar's Gallic War. J. B. Greenough, Benjamin L. D'Ooge and M. Grant Daniell. Boston. Ginn and Company. 1898.

The National Endowment for the Humanities provided support for entering this text.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License.

An XML version of this text is available for download, with the additional restriction that you offer Perseus any modifications you make. Perseus provides credit for all accepted changes, storing new additions in a versioning system.

hide References (10 total)
  • Commentary references from this page (10):
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 290
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 315
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 348
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 370
    • A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 410
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 323
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 325
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 347
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 363
    • Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 407
hide Display Preferences
Greek Display:
Arabic Display:
View by Default:
Browse Bar: