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15.25.

rerum novarum: the regular expression for a change of government, revolution, or coup d'état. Such overturnings seem to have been frequent in Gaul. — portoria, customs dues or tolls, levied at the frontier; collected, apparently, as by the Romans, through publicani, who bid for the contract at public auction and made what they could above the contract price. The Haedui controlled at least a part of the Saône, which was a water-way into the centre of Gaul. It was customary among the ancients to levy tolls or blackmail on goods passing through their territories.


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