[*] 10.1. flumen, etc., the Arar （Saône） is a river which flows through, etc.; not between, which would be expressed by dividit. The Saône joins the Rhone about seventy-five miles southwest of Lake Geneva. [*] 10.2. lenitate, sluggish current, abl. of description. [*] 10.3. in … fluat, ind. quest., subject of iudicari possit （see § 574. N. (334. N); B. 300; G. 467; H. 649.ii (529. i); H-B. 537）. [*] 10.4. ratibus, rafts of logs; lintribus, canoes of hollowed logs, joined to make a kind of bridge. — transibant: notice the imperf.; they were in the act of crossing. [*] 10.5. partīs, object of duxisse; flumen governed by trans in composition （§ 395 (239. b); B. 179. 1; G. 331. R. 1; H. 413 (376); H-B. 386）. [*] 10.7. citra, i.e. on the east side. — Ararim: for the acc. in im, see § 74.d, 75. a. 1 (55. d, 56. a. 1 ); B. 38.1;G. 57. 1; H. 102. 2 (62. iii. 1); H-B. 88.1. It is to be noticed that Gallic names were felt by the Romans as Greek, and were treated accordingly. — reliquam = relictam: in fact, this adjective is, from its meaning, a kind of participle. — de tertia vigilia: the night, from sunset to sunrise, was divided into four equal watches, the third beginning at midnight. This movement took place soon after （de） the watch began. [*] 10.10. eos impeditos, etc.: the emphasis gives a force like 'while these were hampered and not expecting, he engaged them,' etc. In Latin the two sentences are made into one; such telescoping of two coordinate ideas is almost regular in Latin. [*] 10.11. concīdit: see vocab. — mandarunt = mandaverunt （§ 181. a (128. a); B. 116. 1; G. 131; H. 238 (235); H-B. 163）. [*] 10.12. pagus: this "district" （Tigurinus） was about the modern Zurich. The inhabitants of the pagus probably composed a clan, and formed a division of the force. [*] 10.15. L. Cassium: see 7 1, 2. [*] 10.17. deorum: this reference to a special providence is noticeable in so stern a realist as Caesar, and was possibly for political effect. Yet he often speaks of fortune as powerful in human affairs （cf. Bk. vi. ch. 42）, and mentions divine omens which accompanied his victory over Pompey （Bell. Civ. III. 105）. A disbeliever in the superstitions of his day, he yet seems to acknowledge the presence of a controlling power. — quae pars intulerat … ea persolvit, render that part which, etc. （see § 307. b. N (200. b. N.); cf. B. 251. 4; G. 620; H. 399. 5 (445. 9); H-B. 284. 6） [*] 10.19. princeps poenas persolvit, was the first to pay the penalty （§ 290 (191); B. 239; H. 497. 3 (442. N); H-B. 243.）, referring to the complete overthrow of the rest later. Punishment was regarded among the ancients, not as suffering to be inflicted, but as of the nature of a fine or penalty to be paid; hence sumere, capere, to inflict, and dare or solvere, to suffer. In 1862 numerous remains hurled in two trenches were discovered near this spot, possibly of those slain in this battle. [*] 11.1. iniurias, wrongs, not simply damage, as the word came to mean afterwards. From Caesar's point of view, an offensive war against Rome is necessarily wrong. [*] 11.2. soceri: L. Calpurnius Piso, father of Caesar's wife, Calpurnia （Shakespeare's Calphurnia）, and consul of the present year （see end of ch. 6）. — legatum: notice how carefully titles are given, a matter of military and social etiquette; cf. consulem, 10 15.
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BOOK FIRST. — B.C. 58.
book 2
BOOK THIRD. — B.C. 56.
BOOK FOURTH. — B.C. 55.
BOOK FIFTH.—B.C. 54.
BOOK VI. BOOK SIXTH.—B.C. 53.
BOOK SEVENTH.—B.C. 52.
Caesar's Gallic War. J. B. Greenough, Benjamin L. D'Ooge and M. Grant Daniell. Boston. Ginn and Company. 1898.
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(14):
- Caesar, Gallic War, 1.6
- Caesar, Gallic War, 6.42
- Caesar, Civil War, 3.105
- A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 181
- A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 290
- A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 307
- A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 395
- A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 574
- A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, G. L. Kittredge, J. B. Greenough, Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, 74
- Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 131
- Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 331
- Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 467
- Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 57
- Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve, Syntax of Classical Greek, 620
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