Reginald Walter Macan, Herodotus, The Seventh, Eighth, & Ninth Books with Introduction and Commentary

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εἶχε ὄνειδός τε καὶ ἀτιμίην: he incurred the disgrace of (partial) disfranchisement, or excou<*>munication.

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πάσχων δὲ τοιάδε ἠτίμωτο, ‘his degradation took the following form’ (predicative participle). This appears to be the extreme form of ἀτιμία described by Xenoph. Rep. L. 9, and implied by Plutarch, Agesilaos 30. Where large numbers of persons had incurred it, the penalty was occasionally remitted, as in the case of the Sphakterian prisoners, Thucyd. 5. 34. 2, who were first deprived merely of the ius honorum and ius commercii, and subsequently completely restored. Cp. the case reported by Plutarch, l.c. (Sparta could not afford to disfranchise many Spartiatai, owing to her miserable policy and political position; Rome never displayed her immense superiority to Sparta more superbly than when the word went forth, after Cannae, non redimi captivos.） On the pluperfect cp. next c.

ἔναυε: αὔειν (Att. αὕειν): ἐναύειν, to kindle fire. Cicero, de Off. 1. 52, ““sunt illa communia, Non prohibere aqua profluente, Pati ab igne ignem capere, si quis velit, Consilium fidele deliberanti dare: quae sunt iis utilia, qui accipiunt, danti non molesta.”” It is from these common offices, or benefits, of human society that οἱ τρέσαντες at Sparta were excommunicated.

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ὁ τρέσας, ‘the quaker,’ ‘the coward.’ τρέμειν is found in use from Homer to Plato and Demosthenes, to quake, tremble, and so to fear. Hdt. seems to write as though this ἀτιμία was invented to meet the case of Aristodemos. Had such a case never arisen before? (Cp. next c.) Tyrtaios 10. 14 τρεσσάντων δ᾽ ἀνδρῶν πᾶσ᾽ ἀπόλωλ᾽ ἀρετή.