Reginald Walter Macan, Herodotus, The Seventh, Eighth, & Ninth Books with Introduction and Commentary

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τοὺς Ὀλυνθίους ... καὶ ταύτην: sc. τὴν Ὄλυνθον. Cp. c. 121 supra for the reverse process. On Olynthos cp. 7. 122. For the Βοττιαῖοι cp. 7. 123, Θ. κόλπου 7. 121.

ἀπίστασθαι: imperfect.

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ἐξαναστάντες ὑπὸ Μακεδόνων, ‘driven out by the Makedonians,’ or ‘retired before the M.’ ὑπό with the neuter, or intrans. verb, cps. with θνήσκειν, ἐκπεσεῖν, etc.

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κατέσφαξε ... ἐς λίμνην: he apparently butehered the inhabitants (Bottiaians) and threw their bodies into the lake, prob. the Bolyca Lagoon, a little E. of the city, Leake, N. Gr. iii. 155 (ἡ Βολυκὴ λίμνη, Athenaeus). The commentators, however, generally take ἐς λίμνην merely with ἐξαγαγών: if Hdt. had intended that, would he not have placed the words differently? The Persians worshipped rivers, running water, 1. 138.

παραδιδοῖ ... ἐπιτροπεύειν: the first verb is in the historic present— the rather, perhaps, as the result is permanent, and obtains at the time of writing; the second is epexegetical, and refers only to the position of Kritoboulos.

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Κριτοβούλῳ Τορωναίῳ ... καὶ τῷ Χαλκιδικῷ γένεϊ. Nothing more seems known of this Kritoboulos: the name is a common one (cp. 2. 181). Torone (cp. 7. 122) was presumably a eolony from Chalkis The Bottiaioi were not exterminated by this massacre at Olynthos, as they appear in Thueydides again and again, e.g. 1. 58. The great Chalkidic synoikism of Olynthos took place in 432 B. C., Thuc. l.c. To it there seems no reference made by Hdt. Olynthos thus appears to have passed through at least three stages of development before the Peloponnesian war: (i.) primitive settlement; (ii.) Bottiaian; (iii.) Chalkidic, in two degrees; in each of which the Chalkidic ‘race’ is the protégé of the foreigner, Persian, Makedonian.