Reginald Walter Macan, Herodotus, The Seventh, Eighth, & Ninth Books with Introduction and Commentary

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ταῦτά τε ἅμα κτλ.: for the parataxis cp. 8. 5, c. 98 supra, and 3. 135 ταῦτα εἶπε καὶ ἅμα ἔπος τε καὶ ἔργον ἐποίεε—a still more forcible parataxis. προσῆγε, sc. τούτοις, or τῷ ἔπει.

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αὐτίκα γὰρ οἱ Σάμιοι κτλ. If authentic, and true, this statement is of high historical importance as (a) dating the admission of the Samians, and of the Samians alone, into the Hellenic Symmachy before the battle of Mykale; (b) representing the matriculation into the Symmachy as effected by the kingnavarch, without reference to any further authority (except perhaps the Synedrion of admirals). The exact scope of the Symmachy is not here defined, but it could hardly be one restrieted in its object to the liberation of Samos from the Persians and the tvrant; it appears to be the general alliance, πρὸς τὸν Πέρσην (7. 145) or “ἐπὶ τῷ Μήδῳ” Thuc. 1. 102. 4. Or did they only bind themselves, συμμαχίης πέρι, to become full members of the Symmachy as soon as they were free? Cp. c. 106 infra.

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οἳ μὲν ... ποιεύμενος. The end of this chapter at least looks very unsatisfactory. οἳ μέν as it stands covers all the Samians, and if Hegesistratos is to be detained, and the last sentence is to be retained, οἳ μέν must be amended, or supplemented, but the detention of Hegesistratos is inconsistent with the permission or command above ποίεε ὅκως ἀποπλεύσεαι. If τὸν οἰωνόν is retained in c. 91, οἰωνὸν τὸ οὔνομα ποιεύμενος here is intolerable. Cp. App. Crit.

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ἐπισχόντες. Why this panse? (8. 23, 66, 113, c. 49 supra, et al.). Mardonios had doubtless evacuated Attica by this time; the fleet was presumably in communieation with the army in Attica, or in Boiotia. They obtained favourable omens for proceeding no doubt at the right strategic point.

ταύτην τὴν ἡμέρην: the acc. of duration of time; Madvig, § 30. τῇ ὑστεραίῃ, the dat. of point of time, ib. § 45. Cp. c. 90 ad init. and Index.

ἐκαλλιερέοντο: a strong imperfect; for the word cp. 7. 134 supra μαντευομένου, as in c. 36 supra.

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Δηιφόυου τοῦ Εὐηνίου. The name ‘Deiphonos’ apparently oecurs only in this passage; like other and commoner compounds of δήιος (δάιος, δάις) it has a distinctly archaic ring (well suited to a seer). Εὐήνιος—also unique as a personal name—is apparently the adj. of Εὔηνος, a river, or river-god, of Aitolia: Hesiod, Theog. 345; Thucyd. 2. 83. 3, etc. Its other (and earlier?) name was Λυκόρμας, cp. ps.-Plutarch Mor. 1011 (ed. Didot, v. 86). It is the central river of ‘old’ Aitolia, and Kalydon was on its bank; Strabo 451 describes its course; its modern name is Phidari (Baedeker, Greece, p. 29), and it debouches east of Mesolonghi.

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Ἀπολλωνίης δὲ τῆς ἐν τῷ Ἰονίῳ κόλπῳ. Steph. Byz. enumerates 25 cities of this name, some of them duplicates (Rawlinson). Hulsen ap. Pauly-Wissowa ii. 112 ff. enumerates 32 cities, islands, castles or places, which bore the name at one time or other. This observation concerns rather the popularity of Apollon than the matter in hand. The two chief foundations were undoubtedly Apollonia on the Euxine (4. 90, 93 supra), and the one here in question. It was south of Epidamnos (cp. Thuc. 1. 26. 2), in proximity to the river Aous (see below). Strabo 316 ἐφ᾽ ᾧ Ἀπολλωνία πόλις εὐνομωτάτη κτίσμα Κορινθίων καὶ Κορκυραίων (Κορκυραίων τε καὶ Κορινθίων κτίσις Skymnos, 440), τοῦ ποταμοῦ μὲν ἀπέχουσα σταδίους δέκα τῆς θαλάττης δὲ ἑξήκοντα. Thuc. l.c. makes it simply a Korinthian foundation (cp. Plutarch Mor. 552 F, who puts the foundation in the reign of Periander, i.e. before 585 B.C. The Olympian dedication (Pausan. 5. 22. 3) made Phoibos himself the founder. The coinage (silver, of five periods, but not going back before the fourth century B.C., cp. B. Head, Hist. Num. p. 265) well illustrates the importance of Apollonia, especially in the Roman period, when the city was one of the W. termini of the Egnatian way, Dyrrachium (Epidamnos) being the other, Strabo 322. It played a considerable part in the civil war (cp. Caesar, B. C. 3. 1, Cicero, Phil. 11. 26); at Apollonia in 44 B.C. Octavius received the news of his uncle's death, and started to recover his inheritance and to refound the Empire.

ἐν τῷ Ἰονίῳ κόλπῳ: the usual designation of this Apollonia, e.g. Pansauias 5. 22. 3 Ἀπολλωνιᾶται οί ἐν τῷ Ἰονίῳ: cp. Aelian, V. H. 13. 16. Strabo 424 has ἡ πρὸς Ἐπιδάμνῳ, Steph. B. ἡ κατ᾽ Ἐπίδαμνον. Cp. Thuc. 1. 24. 1 “Ἐπίδαμνός ἐστι πόλις ἐν δεξιᾷ ἐσπλέοντι ἐς τὸν Ἰόνιον κόλπον: προσοικοῦσι δ᾽ αὐτὴν Ταυλάντιοι βάρβαροι, Ἰλλυρικὸν ἔθνος”. On the Ionian gulf cp. 7. 20 supra (ὁ Ἰ. πόντος). Strabo 316 ad f. places ἡ ἀρχὴ τοῦ στόματος τοῦ Ἰονίου κόλπου καὶ τοῦ Ἀδρίου at the Keraunian mountains south of Apollonia and of Panormos, the port of Orikon; the ‘mouth’ is common to the ‘Ionian’ and ‘Adrian,’ the difference being that, properly speaking, the inner part of the sea is the ‘Adrian,’ and the outer, or lower, the ‘Ionian’ (cp. 4. 33, 5. 9, 1. 163).