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ἐξ ἀρχῆς γινομένῳ: statim nascenti. For the sentiment cf. i. 31. 3 n.; v. 4. 2 n.; vii. 46. 3 n.; Pind. Pyth. iii. 81; Soph. Ant. 610-25.

Τρηχῖνα: cf. 199. 1 n. Munro (J. H. S. xxii. 313) most ingeniously suggests that the Locrians (of whom we hear nothing after this muster at Trachis) remained there as a garrison. We are told (ch. 201) that Xerxes commands all north of Trachis. Again he argues that the defensible road up the gorge of the Asopus into Doris (199 n.; viii. 31; ix. 66. 89) must have been held to prevent Xerxes turning Leonidas' position at Thermopylae. He concludes that the citadel of Trachis was for this purpose held by the Locrians since, as Grundy (pp. 262-4 n.) has shown, the defence of Thermopylae on later occasions against Brennus in 279 B. C. (Paus. x. 20 f.) in 224 B. C. (Polyb. ii. 52), in 208 B. C. (Polyb. x. 41, 42), and against the Romans in 191 B. C. (Liv. xxxvi. 15. 23, 24), regularly included the occupation of Heraclea.

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