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ὄνοι ἄγριοι. Wild asses are represented on bas-reliefs in Assyria and at Persepolis. They are still found in desert plains from northwest India and Baluchistan to Persia, Syria, and Arabia. The wild ass is, however, like the zebra, difficult to tame (cf. Job xxxix. 5).

ἅρματα. These war-chariots are never heard of in the actual fighting. Cf., however, for African war-chariots, iv. 193, and warchariots in general v. 113 n.

καὶ Κάσπιοι ὁμοίως: read καὶ Σάκαι (Munro, J. H. S. xxii, p. 297), for (1) otherwise the Sacae who specially distinguished themselves as cavalry at Plataea (ix. 71. 1) would be omitted from the list of horsemen; (2) the Sacan infantry is brigaded with the Bactrians (vii. 64). ΚΑΙ ΣΑΚΑΙ might easily be corrupted into ΚΑΣΠΙΟΙ through reduplication of καί and the proximity of Κάσπιοι in § 2, where it may stand if emended in § 1. The emendations attempted in § 2 are all unsatisfactory, Laird's Κασπίοισι grammatically, Stein's Πάκτυες palaeographically, while Κάσπειροι (from Steph. Byz. Κάσπειρος πόλις Πάρθων προσεχὴς τῇ Ἰνδικῇ probably = Caspatyrus, iii. 102. 1) and Κάσιοι, a tribe from Cashmere (Ptol. vi. 15), are inadmissible, since the horse are said to be armed like the foot, so the tribe must have been already mentioned among the infantry (cf. ch. 67).

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