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ἔσχατα: absolute; ‘the edges’ of the wall.

οἰκήματα. These ‘one-storied chambers’ (called πύργοι in iii. 156. 1 and Strabo, 738, and προμαχεῶνες in iii. 151. 1) served as guard-houses; no doubt they were machicolated.

περιέλασιν, ‘to drive round’ (not ‘to turn’). This, too, Aristophanes parodies (Aves, 1125-9).

ἐνεστᾶσι. For the tense v. s. The gates were probably ‘plated with brass’; hence πᾶσαι is distributive ‘all of them’.

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