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τιμωρός: better construed ‘demanding vengeance’ than=σύμμαχος, ‘that helped him,’ for which cf. v. 65. 1; vii. 6. 1.

δένδρεα. The Persians took great pride in the cultivation of fruittrees and gardens. Cf. Vendidad, iii, § 4, l. 12: ‘Which is the third place where the Earth feels most happy.’ Ahuramazda answered, ‘It is the place where one of the faithful cultivates most corn, grass, and fruit’; and iii, § 23, l. 76. So Xerxes pays great honour to a splendid plane-tree (ch. 31), and Darius commends his servant Gadatas for acclimatizing crops and fruit-trees in lower Asia (Hicks, 20). Kings and satraps rivalled each other in laying out gardens and orchards (Xen. Oecon. 4).

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