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ἐν τῷ δέοντι, ‘as he needed them’; it would have been natural to mention here the story of the circumnavigation of Africa (iv. 42 nn.). Μαγδώλῳ. The battle was really fought at Megiddo, where the coast-road comes out on the plain of Esdraelon: here Thothmes III had beaten the Syrian confederates nearly 1,000 years before. H. confuses this name with ‘Migdol’, the border fortress of Egypt on the north-east (cf. Exod. xiv. 2; Jer. xliv. 1). ἐνίκησε. The campaign is described in 2 Kings xxiii and 2 Chron. xxxv. The ‘good’ Josiah was of the Prophets’ party, which urged submission to the powers of the Euphrates valley; there was, however, always a philo-Egyptian party in Judaea. Κάδυτιν. Only mentioned here and in iii. 5. 1, where H. describes it as ‘about the size of Sardis’ (Hec. frs. 261-2 speaks of Κάνυτις and Κάρδυτος). It has been identified with Jerusalem, and its name explained as = ‘the holy’ (cf. the present Arab name ‘El Kods’); Necho perhaps took Jerusalem (2 Chron. xxxvi. 3). But it is clear from iii. 5 that Cadytis was on the coast, at the south end of the road from Phoenicia to Egypt; and H.'s comparison with Sardis. which may rest on his own observation, would certainly not suit Jerusalem, in the days of humiliation after the return from the Exile. Gaza, on the other hand (certainly captured by Necho), was always an important station of the trade-route from Egypt to Syria, and had special connexion with Arabia; cf. G. A. Smith, Hist. Geog. 182-3. Some consider that H. is wrong in placing the capture of Gaza in this campaign; Maspero, however, thinks that it was taken on Necho's return from the Euphrates (cf. Jer. xlviii. 2, ‘the flood from the north,’ which overwhelms the Philistines). It is noticeable that H. knows nothing of the defeat at Carchemish (604 B. C.; cf. Jer. xlvi. 2) which Nebuchadnezzar inflicted on Necho.
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