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Strabo (769) is more definite and says Sesostris penetrated south to the straits of Bab-el-Mandeb (Δειρή), and crossing them, returned through Arabia. All this is fiction; the only Egyptian campaigns to the south were against the Nubians (c. 110 n.); the North Sûdân was occupied; Senosret II also conquered some of the Semitic tribes in North Arabia (F. Petrie, i. 172-3). Egypt did not fully establish its rule on the Red Sea till the time of the Ptolemies.

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