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For the canals cf. c. 184 n. The canal here is the ‘royal canal’ restored by Nebuchadnezzar, which ran south-east from above Babylon to the Tigris, near the later Seleucia.

πρὸς ἥλιον τὸν χειμερινόν. The ancients divided the sky into

ἀνατολή and δυσμὴ ἰσημερινή = E. and W.
ἀνατολή and δυσμὴ θερινή = NE. and NW.
ἀνατολή and δυσμὴ χειμερινή = SE. and SW.

(cf. Arist. Meteor. ii. 6 ad init., where a diagram is given). Here ἥλιος = ἀνατολή (cf. vii. 70. 1 οἱ ἀπὸ ἡλίου Αἰθίοπες).

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