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ἀνὰ τὰς προτέρας ἡμέρας refers to both clauses taken together and is opposed to τότε. Previously the Greeks had held the Phocian wall (ch. 176. 3 n.), at the Middle Gate, as their base, and, whenever pressed, had drawn back into the Narrows just in front of it; now they boldly attacked in the open ground further in front of the Middle Gate by the modern baths.

The anacoluthic change of subject here and in § 3 (for τότε δὲ συμμίσγοντες is opposed to ἀνὰ . . . ἐμάχοντο (sup.) and must refer to the Greeks, to whom we again return abruptly, § 3 ad init.) has caused suspicions of a lacuna or dislocation in the text (Stein, Macan). Others would justify it as expressing the confused nature of the fighting and the excitement of the narrator.

μάστιγας: cf. ch. 22. 1 n.; Ctes. Pers. § 23, p. 70; Ar. Eth. iii. 8. 5.

θάλασσαν: cf. ch. 176. 3 n. Two centuries later the water was still so deep that Athenian triremes could, though with difficulty, come close enough for the discharge of bolts and arrows at the attacking Gauls (Paus. x. 21. 4).

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