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κεφαλάς. For head-hunting and scalping cf. Tylor, P. C. i. 459 seq. The Dyaks thought ‘the owner of every head they could procure would serve them in the next world’. Strabo (727) says that in Carmania no one was allowed to marry till he had brought an enemy's head to the king; cf. c. 117 n. For blood drinking in order to obtain the strength of the dead cf. 26. 1 n. and Denny's Folk Lore of China, p. 67: (The Chinese) ‘eat a portion of the victim, especially the heart’, to ‘acquire the valour with which he was endowed’. In the Seven Years' War contemporaries attribute to the Kirghiz in the Russian army the practice of drinking the blood of those they killed (M. Polo, i. 313).

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