Walter Leaf, Commentary on the Iliad (1900), Book 4 (Δ）, line 178

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[178] αἴθε, whatever its derivation — and some regard “-θε” as a shortened “θεοί” — gives much the same idea as our ‘Would to God,’ i.e. a sort of hopeless despairing wish. Thus its use here, in a phrase which really expresses a triumphant taunt, intensely emphasizes the bitter irony of the imaginary words (L. Lange “ΕΙ” 343).

The Iliad, edited, with apparatus criticus, prolegomena, notes, and appendices. Walter Leaf. London. Macmillan. 1900.

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Walter Leaf, Commentary on the Iliad (1900)

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