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[359] The exact metaphor of the word στόμα is uncertain; see 10.8 with note, 19.313. We can hardly go further than to regard ὑσμίνης στόμα as a periphrasis for “ὑσμίνη”. But the use of “ἐφέπειν” which forms the transition between the primitive idea of ‘managing’ and the derived metaphor ‘chasing,’ namely the sense of ‘driving’ horses (see 8.126), suggests that ‘managing the mouth’ here may be a figure from the bit and bridle. καὶ πονέοιτο is used by a sort of hendiadys for “πονούμενος”, by dint of labour; the word having as often a special reference to the toil of battle.

The Iliad, edited, with apparatus criticus, prolegomena, notes, and appendices. Walter Leaf. London. Macmillan. 1900.

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